Literature

The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was considered the last part of the Stone Age. Neolithic culture started in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 9500 BCE and flourished in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys from c. 7000 BC. It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people established the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into farming. It is regarded as by the use of stone tools, taking care of plants or animals, the establishment of permanent villages, and the tradition of such crafts as pottery and weaving.

During this age, they lived in small tribes consisting of 1502000 members that were composed of multiple bands or lineages. Neolithic pastoralists who controlled large shepherd gradually acquired more livestock, and this made economic inequalities more evident and distinct. Livestock custody allowed rivalry between households and resulted in inherited unfairness of wealth.

Mud brick houses coated with plaster started appearing as a picture of the shelter in this early period. The growth of agriculture made stable houses possible. Doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the inside and outside of the houses. Beams from the inside supported the roof of the house and the rough ground was covered by platforms, mats, and skins on which people slept.
In the Neolithic age, most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins. This is indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather, but not cloth. Nonetheless, woolen cloth and linen might have become available during the British Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which may have served as spindle whorls or loom weights.